Well deserved 2018 Nobel prize in Medicines have been given to two giant immunologists James Allison of MD Anderson Cancer Center and Tasuku Honjo of Kyoto University for tweaking our own immune system (immunotherapies) to better fight cancer than our present methods of surgery, Radiation and chemotherapy. Allison group focused on CTLA-4, a protein on the surface of T-cells that inhibits our immune system to fight against cancer. Earlier in 1996 this group showed that antibodies against CTLA-4 not only got rid of cancer but prevented new tumors from forming in mice. In 2003 Allison and his team showed up that anti-CTL4-antibody could regress metastatic melanoma but skepticism prevailed amongst scientists that immunotherapies work only in mice. But in 2011 FDA(Food and Drug Administration) approved an antiCTLA-4 (ipilimumab) as treatment for late stage melanoma. It was not acceptable for the Tasuku Honjo group to merely mimic the work of other labs. Hongo and his colleagues in 1991